Nephrotic syndrome

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1. What is nephrotic syndrome?
Kidney is the body's excretory organs, filter the body of harmful substances in the blood, but to retain the material beneficial to the body. If the renal filtration barrier is damaged, then the selective filtration of substances in the blood to reduce, will result in the blood of the beneficial protein from the exclusion of urine, proteinuria, and hypoproteinemia. Due to hypoglycemia caused by intravascular colloid osmotic pressure decreased, the water from the blood vessels overflow, resulting in edema. At the same time due to hypoproteinemia, liver compensatory synthetic protein and lipid substances will cause increased blood lipids.
2. Is nephrotic syndrome serious?
Nephrotic syndrome is only a clinical manifestation, according to the pathological changes of the kidneys can be divided into many types, such as membranous nephropathy, minimal lesions, focal segmental glomerular sclerosis, different causes of nephrotic syndrome , The severity is not consistent. Such as small lesions of kidney disease, generally sensitive to hormones, long-term remission after treatment; and focal segmental glomerular sclerosis in patients with hormone response may be poor, proteinuria does not alleviate the need for long-term use of hormones. Therefore, if no contraindications, the general recommendations of renal biopsy, a clear diagnosis.

3. What causes kidney disease syndrome?
Etiology is unknown, it is generally believed that nephrotic syndrome may be due to the body's immune function disorders, resulting in the body's self-attack on the kidneys (their own people play their own), or because of some incentives (such as colds, diarrhea, etc.) A substance damage the glomerular, causing the glomerular filtration barrier damage.
4. What are the symptoms of nephrotic syndrome?
Nephrotic syndrome is the most common swelling, usually for the lower extremity depression edema, some patients may be oliguria. Water accumulation in the body, will lead to short-term weight gain.

5. What should I do with nephrotic syndrome?
First, blood biochemical tests, usually fasting blood, the main check the blood albumin levels, blood lipids. Some patients should check the blood clotting conditions (such as D-dimer), nephrotic syndrome in patients due to loss of water, and liver compensatory synthetic lipids increased, causing blood in a hypercoagulable state, the so-called "blood thick" Leading to increased risk of thrombosis, and other urine, 24-hour urine protein quantitative. If there is no contraindications, the need for renal biopsy clear diagnosis.
6. What is the diagnostic criteria for nephrotic syndrome?
Nephrotic syndrome is a group of clinical syndrome, including a large number of proteinuria (> 3.5g / 24h), low albuminemia (plasma albumin <30 g / L), edema and hyperlipidemia. Which a large number of proteinuria and hypoalbuminemia is a must.
7. Is there a need for renal biopsy in nephrotic syndrome?
Because nephrotic syndrome is only clinical manifestations, etiology and diversity, primary nephrotic syndrome, including membranous nephropathy, minimal lesions, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, and a large number of proteinuria IgA nephropathy; secondary kidney disease Syndrome, such as diabetic nephropathy, lupus nephritis and renal amyloidosis. Because these different causes of nephrotic syndrome caused by its treatment is inconsistent, therefore, for unexplained nephrotic syndrome suggest renal biopsy clear pathology changes.

8. What are the common complications of nephrotic syndrome?
Common complications are:
(1) infection (related to malnutrition, immune dysfunction, and the use of immunosuppressive agents).
(2) thrombosis (liver synthetic lipid substances increased, anticoagulation and coagulation associated with the imbalance).
(3) hyperlipidemia (high cholesterol is mainly due to increased liver synthesis, high triglycerides are mainly due to the reduction of decomposition).
(4) malnutrition (long-term loss of plasma protein) and so on.
9. Can nephrotic syndrome be cured?
Because the cause of nephrotic syndrome is not entirely clear, and contains a variety of pathological changes, therefore, can not simply determine whether the cure of nephrotic syndrome. Some patients (pathological changes to minor lesions) can achieve complete remission, and can no longer take immunosuppressive agents. But some patients, long-term proteinuria, a variety of immunosuppressive combination of poor efficacy, poor prognosis. So the prognosis of nephrotic syndrome is quite different, it is difficult to determine the prognosis in the onset.

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