What causes nephrotic syndrome recurrence

People with nephrotic syndrome may not be very understanding, nephrotic syndrome is a difficult treatment of the disease, but the disease is currently in the world can be cured, but patients also need to have a positive attitude to face the disease, so that Can effectively overcome the disease, the following experts to tell you, nephrotic syndrome, what are the reasons for the recurrence.

What are the causes of nephrotic syndrome recurrence?
First, hereditary. Studies have shown that the recurrence of nephrotic syndrome and leukocyte antigenicity of a certain relationship, some experts believe that patients with certain white blood cell antigen in patients with the disease more likely to relapse, and the nature of the antigen by the genetic factors, so genetic is also caused by this Disease recurrence is an important factor.

Second, infection. Some patients are caused by repeated infections, especially with viral infections, such as colds, which will make the patient's urine protein was positive, or even edema. But in the cold better, some patients will disappear proteinuria, but there are some patients with proteinuria will not disappear, need treatment to improve.

Third, a large number of long-term use of drugs. If the long-term use of drugs in patients with nephrotic syndrome, will lead to their own adrenal cortical atrophy, but also in the withdrawal will not secrete hormones, resulting in lack of body hormones, which can easily lead to recurrence of the disease, so patients should minimize the use of the kidney There is damage to the drug.

Fourth, medication is not standardized. Some patients may be self-assertion, the condition improved, the unauthorized shortening of treatment, reduction of their own or withdrawal, this approach can easily lead to the recurrence of the disease, unauthorized hormone therapy will also result in invalid. So the patient must follow the doctor told, on time medication, which is the factors leading to nephrotic syndrome recurrence.

Tips, nephrotic syndrome, the reasons for the diversity of experts in the article for the reasons for the recurrence of nephrotic syndrome to the introduction, we must understand the experts to these common sense, in the event of these diseases. We can serve as a reference to understand the disease, but also in life should also be active in the prevention of this disease, to develop a healthy lifestyle.

What are the hazards of nephrotic syndrome

Nephrotic syndrome is mainly common in obese people, the harm of kidney disease, many people do not know, they had nephrotic syndrome was not taken seriously, resulting in some people do not want to see the consequences, so the harm to nephrotic syndrome we must be clear understanding.
Kidney disease experts for your detailed description:

Uric acid deposits in the kidney, causing inflammation and destruction of kidney tissue called gouty kidney disease. Uric acid is mainly deposited in the renal interstitium and renal tubules, tubular epithelial atrophy, degeneration, and damage to renal tubular function, the patient often nocturia increased, polyuria, urine specific gravity decreased. Renal interstitial edema and inflammation can occur, or even renal disease, clinically called interstitial nephritis. Clinically, there may be a small amount of proteinuria, microscopic or gross hematuria, edema, moderate hypertension and so on.

About 20% of the risk of kidney disease patients suffering from kidney stones, blood uric acid concentration, the higher the possibility of occurrence of urinary tract stones. Stone obstruction of the ureter, can cause severe back pain and hematuria. Abdominal x-ray examination often can not find stones, intravenous pyelography can confirm the stones

What are the dangers of nephrotic syndrome

Nephrotic syndrome has a great impact on the human body, not timely treatment or improper treatment will bring great harm. Many people do not understand the harm of nephrotic syndrome, nephrotic syndrome, what harm it? Kidney experts make the following description:

Patients with nephrotic syndrome due to a large number of proteinuria, hypoproteinemia, hyperlipidemia, the body often in low blood volume and hypercoagulable state; vomiting, diarrhea, the use of antihypertensive drugs and diuretics large diuretic, Renal blood perfusion decreased, thereby reducing the glomerular filtration rate, leading to acute renal failure.
The risk of nephrotic syndrome can lead to acute renal failure: nephrotic syndrome, renal interstitial edema, protein concentration tube formation blocked renal tubular and other factors, can induce acute renal failure.

Because a large number of immunoglobulin from the urine lost, plasma protein decreased, affecting antibody formation. Adrenal cortex hormones and cytotoxic drugs, the patient's body resistance decreased, vulnerable to infection, such as skin infections, primary peritonitis, respiratory infections, urinary tract infection, and even induce sepsis.

Nephrotic syndrome in patients prone to thrombosis, in particular, the incidence of membranous nephropathy up to 25% to 40%. The formation of thrombosis due to edema, less patient activity, venous stasis, hyperlipidemia, blood viscosity increased viscosity, fibrinogen content is too high and v, vii, ⅷ, x factor and the use of adrenal cortex hormones and blood-prone Hypercoagulable state. These are nephrotic syndrome hazards.

The risk of nephrotic syndrome can also lead to coronary heart disease. Nephrotic syndrome patients often hyperlipidemia and hypercoagulable state of the blood, so prone to coronary heart disease. It was reported nephrotic syndrome in patients with myocardial infarction incidence of 8 times higher than normal. Coronary heart disease has become the third cause of death in nephrotic syndrome

Nephrotic Syndrome and Sexual Dysfunction

Recently, a friend in the hospital for the diagnosis of nephrotic syndrome. During the illness and treatment, he found his sexual function has also been a problem, penile erection often difficult. This is why? Let us first to learn about the concept of nephrotic syndrome and sexual function.

Nephrotic syndrome is mainly manifested as a group of clinical symptoms: proteinuria, hypoproteinemia, edema, hyperlipidemia. While renal function is also subject to a certain degree of damage.

Normal male sexual function, including sexual desire, erection, orgasm, ejaculation and other links, any link problems affecting sexual improvement is called sexual dysfunction. The main manifestations of impotence and premature ejaculation. So the relationship between sexual function and nephrotic syndrome in the end it?
Studies have shown that mental and psychological factors in sexual function has a great impact. The ancients cloud "Housing labor consumption fine kidney injury", patients suffering from kidney disease and fear of sexual life, fear of sex worse, resulting in loss of libido, impotence and premature ejaculation. But we can not completely exclude organic factors lead to sexual dysfunction.

At present, simple and effective screening method is "stamp test". That is, with the four-hole stamp, before going to sleep around the penis into a ring. If you wake up in the morning if the joint tear at night, said there have been erectile. This suggests that erectile dysfunction is a psychological cause rather than an organic cause. But this is only a rough estimate, a more accurate test should go to the hospital using the night erectile detector, and psychological test table to be distinguished.

Identified as organic causes, the sexual dysfunction and kidney disease itself and the main side effects of drug treatment. Nephrotic syndrome in patients with a large number of long-term proteinuria, leading to zinc deficiency; endocrine dysfunction, resulting in decreased androgen secretion, which are the root causes of impotence. The treatment of nephrotic syndrome, the main drugs: hormones, antihypertensive drugs, diuretics, hypolipidemic drugs and cytotoxic drugs will directly or indirectly lead to androgen metabolism impotence. In particular, lipid-lowering drugs, almost all species can cause sexual dysfunction.

Therefore, the clinical medication should weigh the pros and cons, grasp the time and dose of medication, as far as possible to avoid the impact of drugs on sexual function, if necessary, consider the replacement of varieties. With the recovery of nephrotic syndrome and the gradual reduction of drugs, sexual function will be restored. The psychological impotence in patients with the key is to lift the ideological burden, a sexual intercourse is only equivalent to the energy of the second floor of the board, the appropriate sex life will not have an impact on the kidneys. In addition, the patient should pay attention to sexual health, low salt less spicy diet.

Nephrotic syndrome, although it will lead to sexual dysfunction, but not a permanent injury, patients with friends as long as the symptomatic treatment will be able to restore your past style.

Hypertension Treatment And Lifestyle Management

Hypertension Treatment

Approach Considerations

The 2016 American Diabetes Association's (ADA's) standards of medical care in diabetes also indicate that a majority of patients with diabetes mellitus have hypertension. In patients with type 1 diabetes, nephropathy is often the cause of hypertension, whereas in type 2 diabetes, hypertension is one of a group of related cardiometabolic factors.   Hypertension remains one of the most common causes of congestive heart failure (CHF). Antihypertensive therapy has been demonstrated to significantly reduce the risk of death from stroke and coronary artery disease.

Other studies have demonstrated that a reduction in BP may result in improved renal function. Therefore, earlier detection of hypertensive nephrosclerosis (using means to detect microalbuminuria) and aggressive therapeutic interventions (particularly with ACE inhibitor drugs) may prevent progression to end-stage renal disease.

Lifestyle modifications

Lifestyle modifications are essential for the prevention of high BP, and these are generally the initial steps in managing hypertension. As the cardiovascular disease risk factors are assessed in individuals with hypertension, pay attention to the lifestyles that favorably affect BP level and reduce overall cardiovascular disease risk. A relatively small reduction in BP may affect the incidence of cardiovascular disease on a population basis. A decrease in BP of 2 mm Hg reduces the risk of stroke by 15% and the risk of coronary artery disease by 6% in a given population. In addition, a prospective study showed a reduction of 5 mm Hg in the nocturnal mean BP and a possibly significant (17%) reduction in future adverse cardiovascular events if at least one antihypertensive medication is taken at bedtime.

In a study that attempted to formulate a predictive model for the risk of prehypertension and hypertension, as well as an estimate of expected benefits from population-based lifestyle modification, investigators reported that the majority of risk factors have a larger role in prehypertension and stage 1 hypertension than in stage 2 hypertension. The investigators derived multistep composite risk scores by assessing significant risk factors in the progression from prehypertension to hypertension, as well as the regression of prehypertension to normal; they indicated that as the number of risk factors included in intervention programs increases, the size of the expected mean risk score decreases. In men, the 5-year predicted cumulative risk for stage 2 hypertension decreased from 23.6% (in the absence of an intervention program) to 14% (with 6-component intervention); the results were similar in women.

Treatments and drugs

Medications to treat high blood pressure

Thiazide diuretics. Diuretics, sometimes called water pills, are medications that act on your kidneys to help your body eliminate sodium and water, reducing blood volume.

Thiazide diuretics are often the first, but not the only, choice in high blood pressure medications. Thiazide diuretics include hydrochlorothiazide (Microzide), chlorthalidone and others.

If you're not taking a diuretic and your blood pressure remains high, talk to your doctor about adding one or replacing a drug you currently take with a diuretic. Diuretics or calcium channel blockers may work better for black and older people than do angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors alone. A common side effect of diuretics is increased urination.

Beta blockers. These medications reduce the workload on your heart and open your blood vessels, causing your heart to beat slower and with less force. Beta blockers include acebutolol (Sectral), atenolol (Tenormin) and others.

When prescribed alone, beta blockers don't work as well, especially in black and older people, but may be effective when combined with other blood pressure medications.

Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors. These medications — such as lisinopril (Zestril), benazepril (Lotensin), captopril (Capoten) and others — help relax blood vessels by blocking the formation of a natural chemical that narrows blood vessels. People with chronic kidney disease may benefit from having an ACE inhibitor as one of their medications.

Angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs). These medications help relax blood vessels by blocking the action, not the formation, of a natural chemical that narrows blood vessels. ARBs include candesartan (Atacand), losartan (Cozaar) and others. People with chronic kidney disease may benefit from having an ARB as one of their medications.

Calcium channel blockers. These medications — including amlodipine (Norvasc), diltiazem (Cardizem, Tiazac, others) and others — help relax the muscles of your blood vessels. Some slow your heart rate. Calcium channel blockers may work better for black and older people than do ACE inhibitors alone.

Grapefruit juice interacts with some calcium channel blockers, increasing blood levels of the medication and putting you at higher risk of side effects. Talk to your doctor or pharmacist if you're concerned about interactions.

Renin inhibitors. Aliskiren (Tekturna) slows down the production of renin, an enzyme produced by your kidneys that starts a chain of chemical steps that increases blood pressure.

Tekturna works by reducing the ability of renin to begin this process. Due to a risk of serious complications, including stroke, you shouldn't take aliskiren with ACE inhibitors or ARBs.

Additional medications sometimes used to treat high blood pressure

If you're having trouble reaching your blood pressure goal with combinations of the above medications, your doctor may prescribe:

Alpha blockers. These medications reduce nerve impulses to blood vessels, reducing the effects of natural chemicals that narrow blood vessels. Alpha blockers include doxazosin (Cardura), prazosin (Minipress) and others.

Alpha-beta blockers. In addition to reducing nerve impulses to blood vessels, alpha-beta blockers slow the heartbeat to reduce the amount of blood that must be pumped through the vessels. Alpha-beta blockers include carvedilol (Coreg) and labetalol (Trandate).

Central-acting agents. These medications prevent your brain from signaling your nervous system to increase your heart rate and narrow your blood vessels. Examples include clonidine (Catapres, Kapvay), guanfacine (Intuniv, Tenex) and methyldopa.

Vasodilators. These medications, including hydralazine and minoxidil, work directly on the muscles in the walls of your arteries, preventing the muscles from tightening and your arteries from narrowing.

Aldosterone antagonists. Examples are spironolactone (Aldactone) and eplerenone (Inspra). These drugs block the effect of a natural chemical that can lead to salt and fluid retention, which can contribute to high blood pressure.

To reduce the number of daily medication doses you need, your doctor may prescribe a combination of low-dose medications rather than larger doses of one single drug. In fact, two or more blood pressure drugs often are more effective than one. Sometimes finding the most effective medication or combination of drugs is a matter of trial and error.

What are the main hazards of nephrotic syndrome?

What are the main hazards of nephrotic syndrome?

Kidney is one of the body's five internal organs, its health or not completely affect the health of the human body. Nephrotic syndrome is a more serious form of kidney disease. We do not know much about this disease in our lives, and its severity is manifested in the fact that it causes many other diseases and can lead to other diseases in the human body. The normal operation of the system.

What are the main hazards of nephrotic syndrome?

1, nephrotic syndrome in the course of the disease a large number of immunoglobulin from the urine will be lost, plasma protein decreased, affecting antibody formation. Adrenal cortical hormones and cytotoxic drug applications, the patient's body resistance decreased, prone to infection, such as skin infections, primary peritonitis, respiratory infections, urinary tract infection, and even induce sepsis.

2, nephrotic syndrome will induce cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, nephrotic syndrome patients usually have symptoms of hypertension, hypertension is also one of the symptoms of nephrotic syndrome, or cause a lot of important factors of disease, we must not overlook the , Nephrotic syndrome in patients with severe hypertension, easily lead to cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and so on. Therefore, the harm caused by high blood pressure can not be overlooked.
3, the incidence of nephrotic syndrome often have hyperlipidemia or hypercoagulable state of the blood, which easily lead to patients with coronary heart disease. According to some reports, the incidence of myocardial infarction in patients with nephrotic syndrome is higher than the normal people more than 8 times. This is a major risk of nephrotic syndrome.

4, nephrotic syndrome will cause serious damage to the regulatory mechanism, according to the survey of experts, patients with nephrotic syndrome are generally a large number of proteinuria and severe edema symptoms, to the patient's physical and mental health are caused great harm . As the onset of nephrotic syndrome hidden, if symptoms can not be timely treatment, leading to disease spread. As patients with nephrotic syndrome, there will be proteinuria, hypoproteinemia, hyperlipidemia, edema, renal regulation of the mechanism of serious damage.

5, nephrotic syndrome, what is the main hazards, nephrotic syndrome patients due to a large number of hyperlipidemia, proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, resulting in the body is often in the low blood volume and hypercoagulable state. Vomiting, diarrhea, the use of antihypertensive drugs and a large number of diuretic diuretics, can cause a sudden decrease in renal blood perfusion, thereby reducing the glomerular filtration rate, leading to acute renal failure.

6, nephrotic syndrome is generally can lead to the emergence of acute renal failure. This is due to nephrotic syndrome, renal interstitial edema, protein concentration of the formation of the tubular plug the renal tubular and other factors, can induce acute renal failure. This is a common nephrotic syndrome, the main hazards.

Nephrotic syndrome in the pathogenesis often accompanied by symptoms of other diseases, resulting in nephrotic syndrome in the cause of kidney damage will also cause some of the body's other features of the destruction of some, that is, the disease dragged the longer the longer Will endanger the greater the ultimate function of the kidney will eventually failure to complete the function of the kidney is completely lost, is a completely can not delay the disease.

Creatinine Blood Test

Creatinine Blood Test

What is creatinine?

Creatinine is a chemical waste molecule that is generated from muscle metabolism.

Creatinine is produced from creatine, a molecule of major importance for energy production in muscles.

Approximately 2% of the body's creatine is converted to creatinine every day.

Creatinine is transported through the bloodstream to the kidneys. The kidneys filter out most of the creatinine and dispose of it in the urine.

Because the muscle mass in the body is relatively constant from day to day, the creatinine production normally remains essentially unchanged on a daily basis.

Why is it important to check blood creatinine levels?

The kidneys maintain the blood creatinine in a normal range. Creatinine has been found to be a fairly reliable indicator of kidney function. Elevated creatinine level signifies impaired kidney function or kidney disease.

As the kidneys become impaired for any reason, the creatinine level in the blood will rise due to poor clearance of creatinine by the kidneys. Abnormally high levels of creatinine thus warn of possible malfunction or failure of the kidneys. It is for this reason that standard blood tests routinely check the amount of creatinine in the blood.

A more precise measure of the kidney function can be estimated by calculating how much creatinine is cleared from the body by the kidneys. This is referred to as creatinine clearance and it estimates the rate of filtration by kidneys (glomerular filtration rate, or GFR). The creatinine clearance can be measured in two ways. It can be calculated (estimated) by a formula using serum (blood) creatinine level, patient's weight, and age. The formula is 140 minus the patient's age in years times their weight in kilograms (times 0.85 for women), divided by 72 times the serum creatinine level in mg/dL. Creatinine clearance can also be more directly measured by collecting a 24-hour urine sample and then drawing a blood sample. The creatinine levels in both urine and blood are determined and compared. Normal creatinine clearance for healthy women is 88-128 mL/min. and 97 to 137 mL/min. in males (normal levels may vary slightly between labs).

Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) level is another indicator of kidney function. Urea is also a metabolic byproduct which can build up if kidney function is impaired. The BUN-to-creatinine ratio generally provides more precise information about kidney function and its possible underlying cause compared with creatinine level alone. BUN also increases with dehydration.

Recently, elevated creatinine levels in infants were associated with bacteremia while elevated levels in adult males have been linked to incresed risk of prostate cancer.